But why werent there any tuskless males?. 2 Gathering the data to enable this key final step proved trickier than he expected, however. The same high-quality resources are now available with new features, including a logged-in experience. This video follows the work of researchers conducting the first census. This interactive module explores the phases, checkpoints, and protein regulators of the cell cycle. Why Do Some People with the Sickle Cell Genotype Not Have Symptoms? Such a deep genetic understanding of complex evolutionary changes in large free-ranging animals would have been unobtainable just a few years ago.. hbbd```b``"WH&. lz`f1,f u d Vi 2D7e@l( XDrG;".|`10H-v9Pl=0 u Answers may vary. Most African . In population simulations, the researchers confirmed that it is extremely unlikely that tusklessness would have changed so drastically by chance alone. This data-driven activity accompanies the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. In this video Dr. Joyce Poole explains a possible reason. hb```lJB If you're interested in teaching about infectious diseases from an environmental science perspective, this article from Wisconsin educator Amy Fassler details how she incorporates our resources into a 5E lesson. adaptation, claim, evidence, frequency, phenotype, poaching, population, reasoning, selection, selective pressure, variation. Answers Biointeractive Hhmi - Effebi.biella.it. 2. ;X2ELb/6-qRrT3p0=qb3]1#>7}}2D/Q 59E ,;! It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. In this study, scientists used DNA profiling to determine where ivory seized from poachers had originated. But he found himself sucked into the mystery of tuskless elephants when he watched a YouTube video about the phenomenon. Online and in-person professional learning workshops led by educators. 2023 Scientific American, a Division of Springer Nature America, Inc. The human immune system is made up of many cells, organs, and tissues. The immune system responds to pathogens in two main ways: innate and adaptive immune responses. Most African elephants have tusks, but some never grow them especially in places that have a history of poaching, like Gorongosa National Park. The first six weeks of the 15-week laboratory portion were conducted in a synchronous virtual format, using BioInteractive materials to teach the basic skills necessary to start the ethogram project. Learning Objectives & Practices: ERT-2.A, ERT-2.H, EIN-4.C, SP5, SP6, ELA.RST.9-12.7, ELA.WHST.9-12.1 Selection for Tuskless Elephants. +A,2k]lJ^G@R`Y0~8!CNC!MM5V_.0mLt(P1Gh9 k1]8Ay0 Ik@ +Xndi) g[! A new professional development academy focused on growing the HHMI BioInteractive Ambassador community and building professional learning leadership capacity in science education. But in males with no other X chromosome to fall back on, that mutation appears to cause death in the womb. Introduction Hear how educators are using BioInteractive content in their teaching. a. This interactive module explores how different animals elephants, birds, and bats have evolved distinct ways of using sound to communicate. What Poole found perplexing, though, was that tusklessness did not seem to affect males, despite the fact that they were poachers primary targets. Biology 101 Spring 2020 Selection for Tuskless Elephants modified from HHMI BioInteractive PART I: Introduction and Pre-Video Activity A survey of African savanna elephants revealed that populations declined by 30% between 2007 and 2014. If we keep the pressure off these elephants, the rate of tusklessness declines with each generation., Rachel Nuwer is a freelance science journalist and author who regularly contributes to Scientific American, the New York Times and National Geographic, among other publications. The resource is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license. Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. The following statement reflects our current and specific actions. Key Concepts. 2. This Click & Learn shows that keystone species exist across a variety of ecosystems and can exert their influence in different ways. Typically, though, such studies focus on small creatures that have large population sizes and fast generational turnovers because changes they undergo are easier to observe in real time. This study is among the first to show that selective killing of large vertebrates can have a direct impact on evolutionary change, says Fanie Pelletier, an ecologist at the University of Sherbrooke in Quebec, who co-authored a perspective piece in Science about the research. Most of the elephants killed naturally did have tusks. In . Planarians can be used to investigate a variety of biological phenomena like animal behavior, mitosis, taxonomy, and more. endstream endobj 255 0 obj <. Many families lacked older femalesand many of those females had no tusks. %%EOF This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. View Tusk-less_Elephant_data_analysis_(Sep_17_2020_at_556_PM).png from AA 1Stude Activity hhmi | Biointeractive Student Handout Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants 9. Anatomy & Physiology Scientific Skills & Literacy Click & Learn High School General High School AP/IB College Selection for Tuskless Elephants Explore our digital archive back to 1845, including articles by more than 150 Nobel Prize winners. IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017). Description This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. This interactive video explores how scientists identify which bat populations are infected with Nipah virus and could transmit the virus to humans. Supply companies at data tuskless elephant analyzing data tuskless elephants answer key in his wife to analyze data and. This film explores four decades of research on the evolution of Galpagos finches, which has illuminated how species form and diversify. BioInteractive is committed to providing equitable learning opportunities to educators and students. Poole, who is a co-author on the new paper, combed through old natural history films and amateur videos to estimate the prevalence of tusklessness prior to the war. ea`|wC"bSfoxjtZ&T2(i+q,|:m!J@ dP6H EEH6~SlL.3a5, To determine the traits prevalence after the conflict ended, she used a database of individual elephants that she and her husband and research partner Petter Granlialso a co-author of the new studyhad already built to study elephant behavior and communication. elephants were illegally killed was probably so that people could take their tusks (for ivory). endstream endobj 416 0 obj <. The sex ratio of the offspring of tuskless mothers also indicated that the genetics responsible may be lethal for males. This data-driven activity accompanies the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. hbbd```b``"wH&NQ fg`5jz XX$^feN3)R@1y"A9m v \`@=`6/Af Zl "30 0 r chromosome, differences in sex development (DSD), estrogen, Olympics, ovary, primary/secondary sex characteristic, sex determining region Y (SRY), testes, testosterone, X inactivation. II. Not only do animals die due to poaching, but there is also additional decline because half of the male offspring from the surviving tuskless mothers do not survive., Good agrees that the findings are alarming. This film describes natural selection and adaptation in populations of rock pocket mice living in the American Southwest. In Gorongosa National Park, Poole found that among the older female elephants, who survived a period of heavy poaching in the park, over 50% are tuskless. It seemed simple enoughexcept we drove all day, every day for a week and didnt see a single elephant.. Determine whether scientific results confirm or contradict a hypothesis. As poaching in Gorongosa has been stamped out through sustained conservation efforts, the number of baby elephants born tuskless has begun to decrease. %%EOF pe*X|Xem&5*d X;d3^"kNIc rH+d ``s2AJn#*d9X;DAge`0?k G Poaching brings evolutionary pressure for tusklessness. After making these observations, Campbell-Staton decided it was time to use a whole-genome analysis to pinpoint the potential genetic factors. v0E H+1Q` d Hhmi Biointeractive Answer Key. Natural Selection Published October 2018 www.BioInteractive.org Page 3 of 6 Activity Student Handout Video Activity 7. Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots, Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Moth Mimicry: Using Ultrasound to Avoid Bats. |U#62RF>^/,[4@[S5MT3M_q+; u* Tuskless females, they found, had survived at a rate that was about five times higher than that of their tusked counterparts during the conflict. (The first six weeks, as well as the culminating project . Hhmi Biointeractive Food Chains And Webs Answer Key Chlorophyll is the molecule in leaves that uses the energy in sunlight to turn water (H 2 O) and carbon dioxide gas (CO 2 ) into sugar and oxygen gas (O 2 ) 2008 Cadillac Sts Clicking Noise, How Is This Same Test Used To Test For The Presence Of HIV! Tusks offer an advantage to those who have them and are naturally selected for, Poole says. Total: 129 a. But the proportion of tuskless elephants has increased in some populations. This interactive module explores the biology of sex determination and development in humans, set against the backdrop of the different sex testing policies implemented throughout sports history. Provide evidence-based reasoning that uses available data to support a scientific claim. Discover implementation ideas, lesson sequences, resource modifications, quick tips, and more in this collection of videos and in-depth articles. By watching segments of this video, students will follow the analyses and discoveries of Joyce Poole, a scientist who has studied elephants for many years. Additionally, disruptions to the same region of the X chromosome in humans is associated with a syndrome that usually causes male fetuses to abort in the second trimester. Working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks. Watch the Selection for Tuskless Elephants video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. The Resource Google Folder link directs to a Google Drive folder of resource documents in the Google Docs format. The Making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation, The Origin of Species: The Beak of the Finch, Combatting Problem Fatigue Using BioInteractive Case Studies in an AP Environmental Science Course, Exploring Regeneration Using The Planarian, Priming and Prioritizing Facilitated Discussions, Teaching About Infectious Diseases Using the 5E Model, Simplifying Case Studies Using Data Points, HHMI Expands Commitment to Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion, New Online Professional Development Workshops, Introducing a new BioInteractive experience. The Google Drive folder is set as View Only; to save a copy of a document in this folder to your Google Drive, open that document, then select File Make a copy. These documents can be copied, modified, and distributed online following the Terms of Use listed in the Details section below, including crediting BioInteractive. 0 Researchers have pinpointed how years of civil war and poaching in Mozambique have led to more elephants that will never develop tusks. Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosome a genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. Explain how the selective pressures on a population may impact the frequencies of phenotypes. Poachers, she knew, prioritized elephants with the largest tusks. Researchers created the model in Figure 1 using data from cell fractionation studies. Using those samples, they identified candidate regions in the genome that, when mutated, seemed to explain tusklessness and its apparent male lethality. Gorongosas elephant population declined by about 90 percent, from more than 2,500 individuals in 1972 to fewer than 250 in 2000. In this video, Poole explains a possible reason. Propose a claim supported by scientific evidence to answer a research question. In 1989, when elephant ethologist Joyce Poole began carrying out surveys of three East African elephant populations to understand the impact that heavy poaching was having on them, she quickly noted several stark trends. Could take their tusks ( for ivory ) using sound to communicate possible reason drastically chance. Genotype Not have Symptoms the video Selection for tuskless elephants Joyce Poole explains a possible reason that is. Take their tusks ( for ivory ) to make evidence-based claims about the.... Decided it was time to Use a whole-genome analysis to pinpoint the potential factors... Community and building professional learning leadership capacity in science education frequencies of.. 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