That's what makes it so shocking. Former German Chancellor Angela Merkelwidely hailed as a champion of refugee rightsfunded Turkeys refugee camps so that President Erdoan would hinder the passage of refugees into Greece, an EU member. In both the United States and Europe, the inevitability of multiculturalism and diversityand the resulting decay of white dominanceprompts nativism, racism, and xenophobia from the right. NPR's Andrew Limbong has more. In addition, they pose a health threat because some refugees come from. Zelensky is part of a community of Jews in Ukraine, some 200,000 strong, with historical and cultural ties to Israel, based on a long legacy of anti-Jewish pogroms and persecution in the country . According to the U.N.'s 1951 Refugee Convention, a refugee is "someone who is unable or unwilling to return to their country of origin owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion." Moving forward, these new policies and attitudes towards people seeking refuge should be the norm . Assad sought to offer a stark choice between his secular rule and a jihadi alternative, creating a binary with no clean, moral winner. (Image credit: Michele Tantussi /Getty Images). In 2012, at the onset of the current refugee crisis, I interviewed young Afghan and African asylum seekers in Denmark who expressed frustration with their confinement in asylum centers in remote areas, which they felt prevented them from integrating with their host community. . A refugee is someone who has been forced to flee his or her home because of war, violence or persecution, often without warning. This stark contrast epitomizes Europes unequitable treatment of different refugee populations, with Ukrainians topping the refugee hierarchy. Andrew Limbong, NPR News. Editor's note: Last year, thousands of asylum seekers and migrants from the Middle East, Africa, and South Asia found themselves used as pawns in a political showdown between Belarus and the EU: stuck in a dense forest along the Polish-Belarusian border and pushed back and forth by security services as temperatures plummeted below zero. As they work out where to go next, it's not clear they'll find refuge in Europe. The EU refused to activate the Temporary Protection Directive in 2015, incentivized other nations to thwart the flow of refugees, and neglected to discipline border patrol agents who violated the rights of asylum seekers. The Venezuelan crisis parallels the Zimbabwean exodus of the early 2000s. As they began to land, she was shocked to learn from the pilot that their destination was instead Mexico. PostedFebruary 21, 2020 Esses, V. M., Hamilton, L. K., & Gaucher, D. (2017). Unfortunately, extremists and right-wing politicians alike have used the sensitive political climate to strike fear and tensions. There were 89.3 millionpeople forcibly displaced world-wide at the end of 2021. Germany, for example, has suffered fromzero population growth for years and is in acute need of young, able-bodied workers to feed its massive industrial economy. These two groups are treated very differently, however, due to the prevalent stereotypes that exist about them in society. Data collected from three IPL projects shows that Muslim immigrants and refugees face higher levels of discrimination in Europe than those with a Christian heritage. CHARLIE D'AGATA: You know, this is a relatively civilized, relatively European - I have to choose those words carefully, too - city where you wouldn't expect that LIMBONG: The phrasing rankled enough people that he issued a clarifying apology a day later. Stanford University. Syrians rejection of the refugee category reflects the widespread association in the Middle East of refugees with Palestinians, who have for decades lived in UN-assisted camps in the region. Refugee Health: From the Public Health Perspective. PublishedFebruary 28, 2022 at 3:31 PM CST. More so, their action was a case study in poor strategic thinking. While we do not know the specific educational and skill profile of the now over 3 million Ukrainians who have fled, urban Ukrainians tend to have higher skill levels than other middle-income countries. It especially from Asia and Africa, to understand that Lebanon has a racism problem that goes beyond the discrimination of refugees. Palestinians, who have for decades lived in UN-assisted camps in the region. These asylum-seekers should be welcomed just like Afghans are being welcomed. While the first three threats may be considered direct threats, the other three are extended threats. They want to work and maintain their dignity, not just be refugees, he explained to me over the phone earlier this week. The EUs response to the refugee crisis also shapes its posture towards Russia and reignites Cold War concerns about Russian aggression, for Eastern Europeans acknowledge the potential for Putin to invade their nations as well. Andrew Limbong, NPR News. Refugee implies involuntary exodus, while migrant refers more to voluntary movement; therefore, the use of the latter undermines non-Ukrainian refugees requests for asylum. Author Kate Zernike dissects the years-long fight for gender equality at MIT, NASA made history by knocking an asteroid off course. The United Nations refugee agency has expressed concern over these expulsion flights, noting that those impacted are being sent back to the very dangers they have fled in their countries of origin. Indeed, these asylum-seekers should instead be welcomed just like Afghans are being welcomed all refugees deserve protection, not just our allies. How to Handle People Who Are Eternally Evasive, Mass Shooters and the Myth That Evil Is Obvious, Transforming Empathy Into Compassion: Why It Matters, No Dr. Spock for Black Parents: Lessons From Tyre Nichols, Research Shows Why Attractive People Are More Narcissistic. The Century Foundation. 5 Spiritual Practices That Increase Well-Being. The Refugee Act of 1980 amended the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 and the Migration and Refugee Assistance Act, standardizing the process for admitting refugees into the United States. By welcoming Ukrainian refugees and imposing economic sanctions on Russia, the EU has demonstrated its support for Ukrainian sovereignty and opposition to Russian aggression without direct military intervention. This treatment also extended to racialized permanent . Refugees, defined by international humanitarian law as people in need of protection, are entitled to a privileged status. D'AGATA: What I'd hoped to convey is that what's unique about the fighting underway here is that this country has not really seen the scale of war in recent years, unlike some LIMBONG: But it wasn't just CBS. All refugees deserve protection, not just our allies. As political scientist Lamis Abdelaaty describes, Europeans see Ukrainians as White and Christian, similar to the way that many in European countries see themselves. Eastern Europeans are especially welcoming of Ukrainians, with whom they share a sense of fraternity; many people move around within Eastern Europe, so nationalities expand beyond each nations borders. The Supreme Court hears arguments today on President Bidens student loan forgiveness plan; John F. Cogan and Michael McConnell discuss their amicus brief opposing it. 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The asylum program works to provide refugee protection to people in Canada who: have a well-founded fear of persecution or. Syrians are careful to disassociate themselves from the refugee identity. Fortunately for the Ukrainians, Ukraines westward neighbors are working assiduously to register and take initial responsibility for this unprecedented flow, which is likely to add another 5 million refugees from Ukraine within a year from the Russian invasion, nearly five times as fast as the flow from Syria and North Africa. Yet, as Khalid notes, we do not have a stereotype of white people being inherently violent and prone to domestic terrorism." Branding Muslims as terrorists and using such accusations to reject Muslim asylum seekers are thinly veiled attempts for religious, racial, and ethnic prejudice to masquerade as national security concerns. Unlike Ukrainians, they must apply for asylum and wait for approval before seeking jobs. In contrast, non-Ukrainian refugees have been physically assaulted by Polish and Belarussian patrolmen; left to freeze in the winter; detained in unhygienic camps in Greece; trapped in limbo between Poland and Belarus; assaulted with tear gas and water cannons near the Greece-Turkey border; and bombarded with xenophobic and anti-migrant rhetoric, especially in Poland, Hungary, and Slovakia. Since it was first implemented in March 2020, more than 1 million migrants and asylum-seekers have been turned away. According to DR's calculations, the distance from Denmark's border with Germany to the Ukraine-Poland border is 1,270 kilometres, and to the Syria-Turkey border 3,760 . Given its magnitude, the Ukraine crisis may prompt leaders to consider policies that cast a wider lens, Laitin said. As neighboring countries let in Ukrainian refugees, Africans living and studying in Ukraine say they're facing discrimination at border crossings. The Harbour Project charity said many Ukrainians received immediate refugee. That's less likely to be true for people who decide to leave in the coming weeks, said Steve. Whether the threat is true or imagined, immigrants might be perceived as threatening in a number of ways. With the recent mass shooting in Germany, some people are again asking why anybody would hate refugees and aliens (i.e. Asylum applicants in northern Europe receive welfare benefits including free education and health care while their applications are being processed, which presents a considerable cost to society. 2. The Russian incursion has sparked the fastest growing refugee crisis since World War II, forcing more than 2 . The EU report challenges her statement by showing that, rather than signifying asylum seekers lack of desire to work, the slow inclusion of asylum seekers into the labor market is a result of poor implementation: Many employers in Sweden are simply not aware that asylum seekers are allowed to work. NPR transcripts are created on a rush deadline by an NPR contractor. But the U.S. can easily put in place measures that manage risks to public health and still protect the legal right to asylum. symbolic and realistic). They often have no or very limited access to services, material assistance, adequate housing, health . Even though refugees are always victims of conflict, the civil war in Syria is more difficult to fit into this binary of right versus wrong, which may affect the EUs perceived political expediency of aiding Syrian refugees. | king5.com. EU leaders who focus on migration have mostly been concerned with arrivals from Africa, and they have pursued policies to deter these migrants. All rights reserved. ARI SHAPIRO, HOST: In the wall-to-wall coverage of the crisis in Ukraine, a certain pattern has sometimes emerged that positions Ukrainians as different from other victims of conflict. The U.S. has an opportunity to build off of its strong response to the Ukrainian refugee crisis. If they are able to overcome these barriers and enter the EU, non-Ukrainians face prolonged unemployment. NPR's Andrew Limbong has more. I thought about the tens of thousands of refugees fleeing Ukraine and the tens of thousands of refugees who have had to flee their homes in Central America, Mexico and other parts of Latin. Melissa De Witte, Stanford News Service: mdewitte@stanford.edu, The researchers created maps showing where warmer weather has left trees in conditions that dont suit them, making them more prone to being replaced by other species. Attitudes also are affected by humanitarian concerns: When a refugee is perceived to have a valid claim or specific vulnerability for example, if he or she was a victim of torture support is generally higher. Six threat types emerged from the analysis of the responses:1. The reports advocate for lifting labor restrictions and preventing discrimination against asylum seekers. The way the system is in place, most of the burden falls on groups like us, in terms of housing and transportation, says Chuevang Xiong, Director of Refugee Services at the International . The European Parliament stresses in a report that even though Sweden offers low working restrictions for asylees, their labor market is inflexible and poorly adaptable to employees with different skills. Public policy in the EU and discussions of Dublin Convention reform have been marred by misunderstandings. HERIKA MARTINEZ/AFP/Getty Images. Border patrol agent seen holding whip during encounter with Haitian migrants, the Biden administration has been quietly engaged in another series of evacuation flights, more than 1 million migrants and asylum-seekers, Biden immigration hypocrisy on full display as he tells Haitians fleeing chaos not to come, The United Nations refugee agency has expressed concern, Thousands of Afghan refugees await new homes in U.S. airbases, has 14 days to implement the court ruling, arrive without visas as humanitarian parolees, more than 123,000 people were safely flown out of Afghanistan, received medical screenings and access to vaccinations. It took three. Broadly, what does your research reveal about the publics attitude toward refugees? And if you zoom way, way out when talking about refugees and displacement, countries in the Middle East, Africa and the global South have taken in more than their fair share of refugees. She and her daughters then found themselves on a bus back to Guatemala, the place where they had fled violence in the first place. In the first of these investigations, they used a sample of 55 male and 121 female psychology students (average age of 32 years). All refugees deserve. Snohomish County couple providing relief to Ukraine amid Russia conflict. The Biden administration must immediately halt flights carrying asylum-seekers back to Mexico and Haiti and fully rescind Title 42 so that everyone seeking protection can petition for safety. Masses of refugees from Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, Somalia, Yemen, and elsewhere have faced racially motivated hostility in. They can even enter Slovakia and Poland without papers, countries displaying potent anti-refugee sentiments during the 2015 Syrian refugee crisis. Asked whether she recognised a difference in the treatment of refugees between 2015 and 2022, Frederiksen replied "yes, it is (different), because Ukraine is our region". Central American and Mexican refugees ask why they aren't being treated at the same level as . The Dublin Convention has been divisive and especially difficult for Italy and Greece, which have struggled to accommodate migrants arriving by sea. Again, Ukrainian refugees will now have the right to enter the European labor market. Is it a vague feeling of hostility or does it stem from specific unpleasant experiences or future worries? Many refugees are coming from northern Africa and the Middle East, with roughly 50 percent of the population of Syria seeking refuge from war. Instead. A recent report by Human Rights First documented at least 6,356 reports of kidnappings and attacks on asylum-seekers and migrants after they were turned away from the U.S. under Title 42. Identifying different types of threat and their association with emotional responses and attitudes towards refugee migration. Explosives and debris must be cleared from areas that have been retaken so that water and electric services can be restored. But we could see White people going through. A Nigerian student added, Theyre pushing us back just because were Black!Were all humanThey should not discriminate against us because of the colour of our skin. Racism against POC fleeing Ukraine exposes differential treatment even among refugees fleeing the same conflict, suggesting that European solidarity is skin-deep. An additional . In other words, the choice presented to the Lebanese people by . In Sweden, which received 163,000 asylum seekers in 2015, many asylum seekers face difficulties navigating the Swedish labor market. (2019). As Abdelaaty describes, welcoming refugees [condemns] the government that caused their flight and can help further discredit that government in the eyes of the world, as well as its own people. Therefore, welcoming Ukrainians is politically expedient for the EU. Diplomas and qualifications have to be recognized by the national labor system, which depending on the level of education can take years. The way we talk about conflicts can impact those who are already most directly affected by war, refugees. Refugees are not citizens of the country of asylum and therefore have specific protection needs. U.S. authorities are dedicating extra resources to pick up the rate of flights in order to remove them more quickly, saying six to eight flights a day will depart starting Tuesday. In this post, I discuss new research by Helen Landmann and colleagues in Germany, which has examined the reasons people use to justify anti-refugee hostility. Andrew Limbong is a reporter for NPR's Arts Desk, where he does pieces on anything remotely related to arts or culture, from streamers looking for mental health on Twitch to Britney Spears' fight over her conservatorship. More than half - nearly 548,000 - have fled to Poland which shares a 500km border with Ukraine. First, the rules of the EUs Dublin Convention will not pose the same burdens. Currently, Ukrainians benefit from the unprecedented implementation of the Temporary Protection Directive, which allows Ukrainian refugees to reside, seek employment, and attend school in the EU for three years, no official asylum approval necessary. Syrian Palestinians have always been treated differently to their Syrian counterparts; whereas Turkish authorities have given Syrian refugees a "temporary protection" status using a specific regulation (which has become increasingly precarious over time), Palestinians (including Syrian Palestinians) have had to apply for visas to enter and stay . How do you anticipate Ukrainians experience will unfold compared to that of asylees from Syria or North Africa? The Ukraine refugee crisis revealed deep-seated racism as racialized and Black refugees from Ukraine were treated differently. LIMBONG: Keshavarz points to Poland accepting Ukrainian refugees when not that long ago, the country was telling scores of Afghans, Syrians and Iraqis, no, the country's full. It is not enough for them simply to stay alive. Others avoid registering for asylum, not for practical reasons but out of a sense of dignity. They also found that eligible voters favored refugees with higher employability. While refugees are humanitarian subjects primarily seeking protection, migrants are economic subjects, seeking better lives. Why? The way we talk about conflicts can impact those who are already most directly affected by war, refugees. . In fixating on distinguishing the two, politicians tend to miss the benefits that integrating both refugees and migrants into the labor market could have on the national economy. Furthermore, it is important to help the public understand immigrants do not have to give up the core of their identity (in terms of cultures and traditions) to be able to follow the law, find jobs, contribute to society, and make friends with people of the host country. Landmann and colleagues in Germany conducted a series of four related studies to examine hostility toward refugees. We want to hear what you THINK. She said she told U.S. officers that she was a victim of violence in her home country and requested asylum at the U.S. border. Since 9/11, far-right terrorists have killed more people in the United States than Islamic jihadists. So how can we reduce perceptions of different types of threats associated with refugees and immigrants? The injunction also only applies to families, so single adults can continue to be removed. She told us that she shared the name of a family member in California, and then boarded a plane, believing she would be safe and with her family in the U.S. soon. Ibrahim. For example in Germany and Sweden, so-called priority reviews specify that asylum seekers can only be employed if there are no suitable national or EU-citizens available for the job. The Century Foundation To receive Stanford news daily, Meanwhile, work gains do not mitigate the fear many European politicians and citizens express over the long-term cultural impact migration inflow will have on the region. In the wall-to-wall coverage of the crisis in Ukraine, a certain pattern has sometimes emerged that positions Ukrainians as different from other victims of conflict. Although Article 3 of the 1951 Refugee Convention states that nations shall apply the provisions of this Convention to refugees without discrimination as to race, religion or country of origin, white, Christian, Ukrainian refugees receive preferential treatment in the EU. In 2016, Hungarian leader Viktor Orbn described migration as a poison, yet he recently exclaimed that Ukrainians are welcomed by friends in Hungary. EU nationseven those with notorious anti-migrant sentimentshave opened their arms and borders to Ukrainian refugees with unprecedented generosity. Media coverage of the invasion is part of the reason. They concluded that the six threat types explained the data better than one general threat factor or two factors (i.e. In The Telegraph, Daniel Hannan wrote an article about Ukraine that led, they seem so like us. Watch on. 1, People want to keep their identity and their profession when they go abroad. In a survey of almost 20,000 Europeans across 15 countries in 2016, my IPL colleagues found a strong anti-Muslim bias. are at risk of torture, or cruel or unusual punishment in their home countries. If the U.S. can orchestrate a historic airlift of Afghan refugees in the midst of a pandemic, we cannot use Covid as an excuse to turn away those seeking protection at our southern border. The decision that wealthy northern European countries such as Denmark and the UK made last fall, when they dismissed the EUs call for sharing the responsibility by refusing to receive any of the 120,000 asylum seekers relocated from the south, revealed their humanitarian priorities. This absence of a commitment to a particular side may have reduced the reputational incentives to help affected refugees. Rather than bringing people to safety via transit centers and, ultimately, to countries including the United States, these flights are sending vulnerable migrants and asylum-seekers back to danger returning them to the very places theyre fleeing. Just last week, the U.S. expelled 86 Haitians who fled the recent earthquake and political unrest, and flew them back to Haiti under this policy. Extensive efforts to support Ukrainian refugees are effectively progressive, yet they send a painfully clear message to non-Ukrainian refugees excluded from benefits: that they are less deserving of aid and acceptance. Free visas to the EU. Moreover, they were not permitted to work until their asylum application was approved. Islamophobia also underlies the assumption that Middle Eastern refugees are violent terroristsa sentiment echoed in Petkovs speech and Orbns comments that Muslim asylum seekers are Muslim invaders, accepting Middle Eastern migrants is importing terrorism, and all the terrorists are basically migrants. This assumption is a blatant fallacy of composition not applied to whites. Furthermore, to many white and Christian Europeans, an influx of Middle Eastern and African Muslim refugees threatens power dynamics rooted in racial and religious hegemony, while incoming Ukrainians primarily strengthen them. Defying Dictatorships: An Interview with Garry Kasparov, On Atlantic Alliances and Autocrats: An Interview with Jeanne Shaheen. Found that eligible voters favored refugees with unprecedented generosity to Ukraine amid Russia conflict from Syria North! Be removed a 500km border with Ukraine differently, however, due to the prevalent stereotypes that exist about in! 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